Tag: M.W:200-300

In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called Synthesis of 6- and 8-alkynylated purines and their ribonucleosides by the coupling of halopurines with alkynes, published in 1982, which mentions a compound: 3066-84-0, mainly applied to alkynylated purine; nucleotide alkynylated purine; alkynylation purine; coupling halopurine alkyne; cytokinin activity alkynylated purine, Recommanded Product: 3066-84-0.

Coupling reactions of 6-iodo- or 6-chloropurine with alkynes in the presence of (PPh3)2PdCl2-CuI catalyst in Et3N to give 6-alkynylated purines was achieved by the use of dipolar aprotic solvent as cosolvent. Under the reaction conditions, ribonucleoside as well as its tri-O-acetate of 6-chloropurine also gave the corresponding alkynylated products in high yields. Though similar reaction for 8-bromo derivatives of adenineand guanine gave poor yields, the 8-alkynylated free bases could be obtained by acid hydrolysis of the alkynylated ribonucleosides. 6-Alkynylated purines exhibited moderate to weak cytokinin activity in Amaranthus test.

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Reference:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

The preparation of ester heterocycles mostly uses heteroatoms as nucleophilic sites, which are achieved by intramolecular substitution or addition reactions. Compound: 4-(((1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl)oxy)-4-oxobutanoic acid( cas:77341-67-4 ) is researched.COA of Formula: C14H24O4.Puetzer, Bruno; Moran, Wm. J. published the article 《Separation of l-menthol from racemic menthol U.S.P.》 about this compound( cas:77341-67-4 ) in Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (1912-1977). Keywords: MENTHOL. Let’s learn more about this compound (cas:77341-67-4).

Purel-menthol was obtained in an overall yield of 61% of the theoretical from dl-menthol employing l-ephedrine (I) as the resolving agent for the acid succinate, essentially as follows. Convert dl-menthol to dl-menthyl H succinate (II) by Arth’s method (Ann. 1, 483 (1832)). Dissolve 75.5 g. II and 50.0 g. I in 500 ml. iso-PrOAc by stirring at 75°, allow to cool slowly, let stand 4 hrs. at room temperature, filter with suction, wash with the solvent, recrystallize twice from b. iso-PrOAc to obtain 46.1 g. l-ephedrine l-menthyl succinate (III), [α]D25 -57.5° (in 95% alc.). The use of other solvents (e.g., acetone, water) resulted in appreciably lower yields. Dissolve 35.5 g. III in 200 ml. CHCl3, extract successively with 100, 100, 50 and 50 ml. 10% HCl, dry the CHCl3 solution over anhydrous Na2SO4, and remove the solvent under reduced pressure leaving 18.7 g. l-menthyl H succinate (IV), m. 60-2°. Dissolve 18.7 g. IV in 150 ml. 10% NaOH, and steam distil to obtain 10 g. l-menthol; filter, dry over H2SO4, and distil at atm. pressure to obtain 9.5 g. l-menthol, b. 212°, m. 41-2°, [α]D25 -50° (in 95% alc.). The odor of this material lacks the aromatic qualities imparted to natural menthol by impurities carried over from oil of peppermint.

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Reference:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Category: tetrahydrofurans. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can also be classified according to the number of heteroatoms contained in the heterocycle: single heteroatom, two heteroatoms, three heteroatoms and four heteroatoms. Compound: 8-Bromoguanine, is researched, Molecular C5H4BrN5O, CAS is 3066-84-0, about Activation of murine lymphocytes by cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate: specificity and role in mitogen action. Author is De Rubertis, Frederick R.; Zenser, Terry.

Cyclic GMP and guanosine modestly increased the incorporation of thymidine-3H into DNA by cultured mouse spleen lymphocytes, but were far less effective than their 8-bromo(Br) derivatives However, on a molar basis the mitogenic activity of both 8-Br-guanosine and 8-Br-5′-GMP exceeded that of 8-Br-cyclic GMP, when tested in the presence and absence of serum in the culture media. Combined addition of maximal doses of these nucleotides did not give additive stimulatory effects, suggesting an action on a common subpopulation of cells, and possibly a common mechanism. By contrast, cyclic AMP, 8-Br-cyclic AMP, 8-Br-adenosine, cholera toxin and prostaglandin E1 suppressed both basal thymidine-3H incorporation and stimulation of this parameter by T-cell mitogens and the guanine nucleotides. Rapid effects of concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, SEB (staphylococcal enterotoxin B), guanosine, 5′-GMP, 8-Br-guanosine, and 8-Br-5′-GMP on the cyclic GMP content of murine lymphocytes could not be demonstrated. Similarly, concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin and SEB failed to alter guanylate cyclase activity when added directly to cellular homogenates or preincubated with intact cells. Conversely, carbamylcholine rapidly increased lymphocyte cyclic GMP but was not mitogenic. Apparently, cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP are antagonistic in their influence on lymphocyte mitogenesis.

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Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

The preparation of ester heterocycles mostly uses heteroatoms as nucleophilic sites, which are achieved by intramolecular substitution or addition reactions. Compound: 8-Bromoguanine( cas:3066-84-0 ) is researched.Recommanded Product: 3066-84-0.Petty, Jeffrey T.; Ganguly, Mainak; Yunus, Ahmed I.; He, Chen; Goodwin, Peter M.; Lu, Yi-Han; Dickson, Robert M. published the article 《A DNA-encapsulated silver cluster and the roles of its nucleobase ligands》 about this compound( cas:3066-84-0 ) in Journal of Physical Chemistry C. Keywords: DNA encapsulated silver cluster nucleobase ligand role. Let’s learn more about this compound (cas:3066-84-0).

Ag clusters consisting of ∼10 atoms are readily bound by and encapsulated within DNA strands to yield strong absorption and emission. The coordination environments, however, are poorly understood, so cluster adducts can only be empirically tuned. This work describes the C4AC4TC3G strand that templates a particular cluster adduct. Its sequence has 3 types of nucleobases with distinct roles, including tracts of cytosines that collectively coordinate the cluster, thymine acting as a junction in the overall strand, and the adenine/guanine pair that exclusively forms the cluster. In relation to the native oligonucleotide, the DNA-Ag cluster complex diffuses faster and is more compact, thus suggesting that the strands fold because of the cluster. The Ag106+ adduct emits with λex/λem = 490/540 nm, a 19% quantum yield, and a biexponential 1.1/2.1 ns lifetime. The electronic environment for the cluster is controlled by the heteroatoms in adenine and guanine. Most significantly, the N7 and the N2 atoms in guanine change the fluorescence quantum yield by 60-fold and shift the fluorescence lifetime by ∼3.8 ns. Thus, our studies discern distinct spectroscopic and structural roles for the nucleobase ligands in C4AC4TC3G, and these findings may help develop new DNA templates for other Ag cluster adducts.

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Reference:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Name: 8-Bromoguanine. The mechanism of aromatic electrophilic substitution of aromatic heterocycles is consistent with that of benzene. Compound: 8-Bromoguanine, is researched, Molecular C5H4BrN5O, CAS is 3066-84-0, about HF-STEX and RASSCF calculations on nitrogen K-shell X-ray absorption of purine base and its derivative. Author is Mochizuki, Yuji; Koide, Hiroshi; Imamura, Toshiyuki; Takemiya, Hiroshi.

The nitrogen K-shell X-ray absorption spectra of the purine bases present in nucleic acids, adenine and guanine, were analyzed by using ab initio Hartree-Fock static exchange and restricted-active-space self-consistent-field calculations A variety of derivative mols. were calculated to investigate the energetic shifts due to environmental effects on the nitrogen atoms. Shake-up excitations were also addressed.

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Reference:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called Absorption, distribution, excretion, and degradation of 1-hexyl-3,7-dimethylxanthine, published in 1966, which mentions a compound: 1028-33-7, mainly applied to DIMETHYLXANTHINES METAB; METAB DIMETHYLXANTHINES; XANTHINES METAB; URINE METABOLITES DIMETHYLXANTHINES, Formula: C13H20N4O2.

1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethylxanthine, administered orally or rectally to rabbits, was rapidly absorbed and persisted in the blood, liver, brain, myocardium, and skeletal muscles for several hrs. Less than 1% of the administered dose was excreted without undergoing chem. transformation. Following prolonged oral administration of 1-hexyl-3,7-dimethylxanthine (500 mg./day), 50% of the administered dose was excreted in the urine in 24 hrs. as metabolities formed by oxidation of the hexyl radical side chain. A small fraction of 1-hexyl-3,7-dimethylaxanthine metabolites was excreted in the feces, after enterohepatic circulation. Urinary metabolites identified included 1-(5′-hydroxyhexyl)-3,7-dimethyl-xanthine, 1-(5′-ketohexyl)-3,7-dimethylxanthine, 1-(4′,5′-dihydroxyhexyl)-3,7-dimethylxanthine, and 1-(3′-carboxypropyl)-3,7-dimethylxanthine. 60 references.

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Reference:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Electric Literature of C13H20N4O2. The reaction of aromatic heterocyclic molecules with protons is called protonation. Aromatic heterocycles are more basic than benzene due to the participation of heteroatoms. Compound: 1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione, is researched, Molecular C13H20N4O2, CAS is 1028-33-7, about Acute cellular rejection in small-bowel transplantation impairs NCR+ innate lymphoid cell subpopulation 3/interleukin 22 axis. Author is Pucci Molineris, Melisa; Gonzalez Polo, Virginia; Rumbo, Carolina; Fuxman, Claudia; Lowestein, Carlos; Nachman, Fabio; Rumbo, Martin; Gondolesi, Gabriel; Meier, Dominik.

Acute cellular rejection (ACR) remains as one of the main causes of graft loss and death in intestinal transplant (ITx) patients. ACR promotes intestinal injury, disruption of the mucosal barrier, bacterial translocation, and organ dysfunction. As epithelial regeneration is critical in reversing these consequences, the functional axis between the innate lymphoid cell subpopulation 3 (ILC3) and interleukin 22 plays an essential role in that process. Natural-cytotoxic-receptor-pos. (NCR+) ILC3 cells have been demonstrated to induce intestinal-stem-cell proliferation along with an IL-22-dependent expansion of that population in several intestinal pathologies, though thus far not after ITx. Therefore, we intended to determine the impact of chronic immunosuppression and ACR on ILC3 cells and interleukin-22 (IL-22) production in the lamina propria after that intervention. We compared biopsies from healthy volunteers with biopsies from ITx recipients without or with mild-to-moderate ACR, using flow cytometry and the quant.-PCR. NCR+ ILC3 cells were found to be unaffected by immunosuppression at different time points posttransplant when patients did not experience ACR, but were diminished upon the occurrence of ACR independently of the post-ITx time. Moreover, IL-22-expression levels were notably reduced in ACR. The NCR+-ILC3/IL-22 axis is impaired during ACR contributing to a delay in or lack of a complete and efficient epithelial regeneration.

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Reference:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

The chemical properties of alicyclic heterocycles are similar to those of the corresponding chain compounds. Compound: 8-Bromoguanine, is researched, Molecular C5H4BrN5O, CAS is 3066-84-0, about Comparison of Aqueous and 1-Octanol Solubility as well as Liquid-Liquid Distribution of Acyclovir Derivatives and Their Complexes with Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin, the main research direction is acyclovir derivative complex hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin octanol solubility liquid distribution; Acyclovir derivatives; Complexation; Cyclodextrin; Partition; Solubility.SDS of cas: 3066-84-0.

The aim of the presented work is the comparison of aqueous and 1-octanol solubilities of different acyclovir derivatives and their hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes. The solubility measurements were carried out at different temperatures over the range 25-45 °C using water, 1-octanol, water saturated with 1-octanol, 1-octanol saturated with water, buffered aqueous solutions (pH = 5.5 and 7.0) and buffered aqueous solutions containing cyclodextrin as solvents. The aqueous solubilities of the compounds are very low but may be enhanced by complexation with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, especially if the acyclovir derivatives have aromatic groups which may be included in the cyclodextrin cavity. The values of 1-octanol-water partition coefficients of acyclovir derivatives, obtained using extraction experiments, showed a similar sequence as the solubility results in 1-octanol. Addnl., some mol. mechanics and mol. dynamic calculations were performed to determine optimized structures of acyclovir derivative complexes with β-cyclodextrin treated as a model.

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Reference:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Formula: C13H20N4O2. The fused heterocycle is formed by combining a benzene ring with a single heterocycle, or two or more single heterocycles. Compound: 1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione, is researched, Molecular C13H20N4O2, CAS is 1028-33-7, about Effect of pentifylline and theophylline on reaction kinetics on rat brain ATPase stimulatable by catecholamines. Author is Porsche, E.; Stefanovich, V..

The effects of pentifylline (I) [1028-33-7] and theophylline (II) [58-55-9] on rat brain Na+-, K+-, Mg2+- ATPase [9000-83-3] activities were investigated in in vitro experiments I inhibited catecholamine-sensitive ATPase in a dose-dependent manner. II was without effect. I also inhibited the Mg2+-dependent portion of Na+-, K+-, Mg2+-ATPase. I also altered the kinetic parameters of Na+-, K+-, Mg2+-ATPase of brain synaptosomes. It was shown by a Lineweaver-Burk plot that increased the Michaelis constant (Km) from 1.0 × 10-4 to 6.7 × 10-4 mol/L. Km By norepinephrine-stimulated ATPase decreased from 3.7 to 2.9 × 10-4 mol/L. At high concentrations of K+ in incubation medium, the ATPase of synaptosomes was significantly more sensitive to I than at low concentrations of K+. The inhibition of ATPase by I was not influenced by the change in Na+/K+ ratio in the incubation medium. II used as a standard xanthine, was virtually without effect on the reaction kinetics of Na+-, K+-ATPase.

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Reference:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

The preparation of ester heterocycles mostly uses heteroatoms as nucleophilic sites, which are achieved by intramolecular substitution or addition reactions. Compound: 8-Bromoguanine( cas:3066-84-0 ) is researched.Computed Properties of C5H4BrN5O.Yoneyama, Toshie; Wilson, Lisa M.; Hatakeyama, Kazuyuki published the article 《GTP Cyclohydrolase I Feedback Regulatory Protein-Dependent and -Independent Inhibitors of GTP Cyclohydrolase I》 about this compound( cas:3066-84-0 ) in Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. Keywords: GTP cyclohydrolase I inhibitor GFRP protein guanine derivative; feedback regulatory protein inhibitor GTP cyclohydrolase I. Let’s learn more about this compound (cas:3066-84-0).

GTP cyclohydrolase I feedback regulatory protein (GFRP) mediates the feedback inhibition of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity by (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) through protein complex formation. Since guanine and BH4 have a common pyrimidine ring structure, we examined the inhibitory effect of guanine and its analogs on the enzyme activity. Guanine, 8-hydroxyguanine, 8-methylguanine, and 8-bromoguanine inhibited the enzyme activity in a GFRP-dependent and pH-dependent manner and induced complex formation between GTP cyclohydrolase I and GFRP. The type of inhibition by this group is a mixed type. All these properties were shared with BH4. In striking contrast, inhibition by 8-azaguanine and 8-mercaptoguanine was GFRP-independent and pH-independent. The type of inhibition by 8-azaguanine and 8-mercaptoguanine was a competitive type. The two compounds did not induce complex formation between the enzyme and GFRP. These results demonstrate that guanine compounds of the first group bind to the BH4-binding site of the GTP cyclohydrolase I/GFRP complex, whereas 8-azaguanine and 8-mercaptoguanine bind to the active site of the enzyme. Finally, the possible implications in Lesch-Nyhan syndrome and Parkinson diseases of the inhibition of GTP cyclohydrolase I by guanine and 8-hydroxyguanine are discussed. (c) 2001 Academic Press.

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Reference:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem