Heterocyclic Building Blocks-Tetrahydrofuran

From cosubstrate similarity to inhibitor diversity-inhibitors of ADP-ribosyltransferases from kinase inhibitor screening was written by Maurer, Benjamin;Mathias, Ulf;Papatheodorou, Panagiotis;Shekfeh, Suhaib;Orth, Joachim;Jank, Thomas;Schwan, Carsten;Sippl, Wolfgang;Aktories, Klaus;Jung, Manfred. And the article was included in Molecular BioSystems in 2011.Related Products of 24386-93-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

ADP-ribosyltransferases (ADP-RTs) use NAD⁺ to transfer an ADP-ribosyl group to target proteins. Although some ADP-RTs are bacterial toxins only few inhibitors are known. Here we present the development of fluorescence-based assays and a focussed library screening using kinase inhibitors as a new approach towards inhibitors of ADP-RTs. Different screening setups were established using surrogate small mol. substrates or the quantitation of the cofactor NAD⁺. Proof-of-principle screening experiments were performed using a kinase inhibitor library in order to target the NAD⁺ binding pockets. This led to the discovery of structurally different lead inhibitors for the mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases Mosquitocidal toxin (MTX) from Bacillus sphaericus SSII-1, C3bot toxin from Clostridium botulinum and CDTa from Clostridium difficile. The interaction of the inhibitors with the toxin proteins was analyzed by means of docking and binding free energy calculations Binding at the nicotinamide subpocket, which shows a significant difference in the three enzymes, is used to explain the selectivity of the identified inhibitors and offers an opportunity for further development of potent and selective inhibitors. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 24386-93-4Related Products of 24386-93-4).

(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 24386-93-4) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Solid acid catalysis, and the advantages often associated with their use, have been proved equally efficient for the synthesis of tetrahydrofurans or furans. Commercial tetrahydrofuran contains substantial water that must be removed for sensitive operations, e.g. those involving organometallic compounds. Although tetrahydrofuran is traditionally dried by distillation from an aggressive desiccant, molecular sieves are superior.Related Products of 24386-93-4

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Toward a practical, two-step process for molnupiravir: Direct hydroxamination of cytidine followed by selective esterification was written by Paymode, Dinesh J.;Vasudevan, N.;Ahmad, Saeed;Kadam, Appasaheb L.;Cardoso, Flavio S. P.;Burns, Justina M.;Cook, Daniel W.;Stringham, Rodger W.;Snead, David R.. And the article was included in Organic Process Research & Development in 2021.Safety of ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl isobutyrate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A two-step synthesis of molnupiravir (1) is presented. This work focuses on the development of practical reaction and purification conditions toward a manufacturing route. The sequence commences from highly available cytidine (2), and molnupiravir is formed through direct hydroxamination of the cytosine ring and esterification of the sugar’s primary alc. without use of protecting or activating groups. A highly crystalline hydrate of N-hydroxycytidine (3) resulted in an easily purified intermediate, and a practical, off-the-shelf enzyme was selected for the acylation. The yield was increased through a chem. promoted, selective ester cleavage, which converted a byproduct, molnupiravir isobutyryl oxime ester (4), into the final API. Both reactions proceed in >90% assay yield, and crystallization procedures are used to afford intermediates and active pharmaceutical ingredients in purities above 99% with an overall yield of 60%. Excellent throughput and sustainability are achieved by limiting the total concentration to 7 volumes of solvent in the course of the two reactions with an overall PMI of 26 including work-up and isolation. Environmentally friendly solvents, water and 2-Me THF, enhance sustainability of the operation. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl isobutyrate (cas: 2492423-29-5Safety of ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl isobutyrate).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl isobutyrate (cas: 2492423-29-5) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives.Tetrahydrofuran has many industry uses as a solvent including in natural and synthetic resins, high polymers, fat oils, rubber, polymer. THF can also be synthesized by catalytic hydrogenation of furan. This allows certain sugars to be converted to THF via acid-catalyzed digestion to furfural and decarbonylation to furan, although this method is not widely practiced. THF is thus derivable from renewable resources.Safety of ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl isobutyrate

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Haspin inhibitors reveal centromeric functions of Aurora B in chromosome segregation was written by Wang, Fangwei;Ulyanova, Natalia P.;Daum, John R.;Patnaik, Debasis;Kateneva, Anna V.;Gorbsky, Gary J.;Higgins, Jonathan M. G.. And the article was included in Journal of Cell Biology in 2012.Recommanded Product: 24386-93-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Haspin phosphorylates histone H3 at threonine-3 (H3T3ph), providing a docking site for the Aurora B complex at centromeres. Aurora B functions to correct improper kinetochore-microtubule attachments and alert the spindle checkpoint to the presence of misaligned chromosomes. We show that Haspin inhibitors decreased H3T3ph, resulting in loss of centromeric Aurora B and reduced phosphorylation of centromere and kinetochore Aurora B substrates. Consequently, metaphase chromosome alignment and spindle checkpoint signaling were compromised. These effects were phenocopied by microinjection of anti-H3T3ph antibodies. Retargeting Aurora B to centromeres partially restored checkpoint signaling and Aurora B-dependent phosphorylation at centromeres and kinetochores, bypassing the need for Haspin activity. Haspin inhibitors did not obviously affect phosphorylation of histone H3 at serine-10 (H3S10ph) by Aurora B on chromosome arms but, in Aurora B reactivation assays, recovery of H3S10ph was delayed. Haspin inhibitors did not block Aurora B localization to the spindle midzone in anaphase or Aurora B function in cytokinesis. Thus, Haspin inhibitors reveal centromeric roles of Aurora B in chromosome movement and spindle checkpoint signaling. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 24386-93-4Recommanded Product: 24386-93-4).

(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 24386-93-4) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Tetrahydrofuran (THF), or oxolane, is mainly used as a precursor to polymers. Being polar and having a wide liquid range, THF is a versatile solvent. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is primarily used as a precursor to polymers including for surface coating, adhesives, and printing inks.Recommanded Product: 24386-93-4

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Repurposing Molnupiravir for COVID-19: The Mechanisms of Antiviral Activity was written by Yip, Ashley Jia Wen;Low, Zheng Yao;Chow, Vincent T. K.;Lal, Sunil K.. And the article was included in Viruses in 2022.Safety of ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl isobutyrate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A review. Molnupiravir is a β-d-N4-hydroxycytidine-5-iso-Pr ester (NHC) compound that exerts antiviral activity against various RNA viruses such as influenza, SARS, and Ebola viruses. Thus, the repurposing of Molnupiravir has gained significant attention for combating infection with SARS-CoV-2, the etiol. agent of COVID-19. Recently, Molnupiravir was granted authorization for the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in adults. Findings from in vitro experiments, in vivo studies and clin. trials reveal that Molnupiravir is effective against SARS-CoV-2 by inducing viral RNA mutagenesis, thereby giving rise to mutated complementary RNA strands that generate non-functional viruses. To date, the data collectively suggest that Molnupiravir possesses promising antiviral activity as well as favorable prophylactic efficacy, attributed to its effective mutagenic property of disrupting viral replication. This review discusses the mechanisms of action of Molnupiravir and highlights its clin. utility by disabling SARS-CoV-2 replication, thereby ameliorating COVID-19 severity. Despite relatively few short-term adverse effects thus far, further detailed clin. studies and long-term pharmacovigilance are needed in view of its mutagenic effects. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl isobutyrate (cas: 2492423-29-5Safety of ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl isobutyrate).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl isobutyrate (cas: 2492423-29-5) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. THF (Tetrahydrofuran) is water-miscible and has a low viscosity making it a highly versatile solvent used in a variety of industries. Oxidations have also proved to be valuable and efficient approaches to chiral tetrahydrofuran derivatives.Safety of ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl isobutyrate

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Inhibitory effect of 5-iodotubercidin on pigmentation was written by Kim, Kyung-Il;Jeong, Hae Bong;Ro, Hyunju;Lee, Jeung-Hoon;Kim, Chang Deok;Yoon, Tae-Jin. And the article was included in Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications in 2017.Computed Properties of C11H13IN4O4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Melanin pigments are the primary contributors for the skin color. They are produced in melanocytes and then transferred to keratinocytes, eventually giving various colors on skin surface. Although many depigmenting and/or skin-lightening agents have been developed, there is still a growing demand on materials for reducing pigmentation. We attempted to find materials for depigmentation and/or skin-lightening using the small mol. compounds com. available, and found that 5-iodotubercidin had inhibitory potential on pigmentation. When HM3KO melanoma cells were treated with 5-iodotubercidin, pigmentation was dramatically reduced. The 5-iodotubercidin decreased the protein level for pigmentation-related mols. such as MITF, tyrosinase, and TRP1. In addition, 5-iodotubercidin decreased the phosphorylation of CREB, while increased the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK. These data suggest that 5-iodotubercidin inhibits melanogenesis via the regulation of intracellular signaling related with pigmentation. Finally, 5-iodotubercidin markedly inhibited the melanogenesis of zebrafish embryos, an in vivo evaluation model for pigmentation. Together, these data suggest that 5-iodotubercidin can be developed as a depigmenting and/or skin-lightening agent. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 24386-93-4Computed Properties of C11H13IN4O4).

(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 24386-93-4) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Solid acid catalysis, and the advantages often associated with their use, have been proved equally efficient for the synthesis of tetrahydrofurans or furans. Tetrahydrofuran reaction with hydrogen sulfide: In the presence of a solid acid catalyst, tetrahydrofuran reacts with hydrogen sulfide to give tetrahydrothiophene.Computed Properties of C11H13IN4O4

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

A small-molecule inhibitor of haspin alters the kinetochore functions of Aurora B was written by De Antoni, Anna;Maffini, Stefano;Knapp, Stefan;Musacchio, Andrea;Santaguida, Stefano. And the article was included in Journal of Cell Biology in 2012.Name: (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

By phosphorylating Thr-3 in histone H3, haspin kinase (I) promotes centromeric recruitment of the chromosome passenger complex (CPC) during mitosis. Aurora B kinase (II), a CPC subunit, sustains chromosome bi-orientation and the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). Here, the authors characterized the small mol., 5-iodotubercidin (5-ITu), as a potent I inhibitor. In vitro, 5-ITu potently inhibited I but not II. Consistently, 5-ITu counteracted the centromeric localization of the CPC without affecting the bulk of II activity in HeLa cells. Mislocalization of II correlated with dephosphorylation of CENP-A, and Hec1 and SAC were found to override at high nocodazole concentrations 5-ITu also impaired kinetochore recruitment of Bub1 and BubR1 kinases, and this effect was reversed by concomitant inhibition of phosphatase activity. Forcing the localization of II to centromeres in 5-ITu also restored Bub1 and BubR1 localization but failed to rescue the SAC override. This result suggested that a target of 5-ITu, possibly I itself, may further contribute to SAC signaling downstream of II. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 24386-93-4Name: (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol).

(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 24386-93-4) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. THF (Tetrahydrofuran) is water-miscible and has a low viscosity making it a highly versatile solvent used in a variety of industries. Commercial tetrahydrofuran contains substantial water that must be removed for sensitive operations, e.g. those involving organometallic compounds. Although tetrahydrofuran is traditionally dried by distillation from an aggressive desiccant, molecular sieves are superior.Name: (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

A pull-down assay for 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase activity using the GST-fused protein was written by Kishimoto, Atsuhiro;Ogura, Tsutomu;Esumi, Hiroyasu. And the article was included in Molecular Biotechnology in 2006.Product Details of 24386-93-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

An assay using a specific peptide (SAMS peptide) as a substrate is widely used for determination of AMP-activated protein kinases (AMPK) activity. However, it is not an efficient assay for crude AMPK preparations In this study, we modified the assay by using the SAMS peptide fused to glutathione-S-transferase (GST-SAMS) instead of the SAMS peptide on its own. Radioactivity incorporated into GST-SAMS can be recovered easily by precipitation with glutathione-agarose. The kinetic parameters of partially purified AMPK for the GST-SAMS were as follows. The V_max was 0.26 ± 0.012 nmol/min/mg of total proteins and K_m for GST-SAMS was 110 ± 12 μM. The parameters for ATP were 0.40 ± 0.016 nmol/min/mg of total proteins (V_max) and 202 ± 21 μM (K_m). The activity of AMPK in this system was stimulated about threefold by the AMPK activators, AMP or 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribotide (ZMP), and inhibited by the AMPK inhibitors, adenine 9-β-D-arabinofuranoside (ara-A) and iodotubercidin. These values correlate well with those for the SAMS peptide reported previously. Thus, we successfully established a convenient and rapid method to measure AMPK applicable, even for crude enzyme preparations This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 24386-93-4Product Details of 24386-93-4).

(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 24386-93-4) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives.Tetrahydrofuran has many industry uses as a solvent including in natural and synthetic resins, high polymers, fat oils, rubber, polymer. Oxidations have also proved to be valuable and efficient approaches to chiral tetrahydrofuran derivatives.Product Details of 24386-93-4

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Preclinical efficacy and safety of novel SNAT against SARS-CoV-2 using a hamster model was written by Pokhrel, Lok R.;Williams, Frank;Cook, Paul P.;O′Rourke, Dorcas;Murray, Gina;Akula, Shaw M.. And the article was included in Drug Delivery and Translational Research.Category: tetrahydrofurans The following contents are mentioned in the article:

To address the unprecedented global public health crisis due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), we designed and developed a novel antiviral nano-drug, called SNAT (Smart Nano-Enabled Antiviral Therapeutic), comprised of taxoid (Tx)-decorated amino (NH2)-functionalized near-at. size pos. charged silver nanoparticles (Tx-[NH2-AgNPs]) that are stable for over 3 years. Using a hamster model, we tested the preclin. efficacy of inhaled SNAT on the body weight, virus titer, and histopathol. of lungs in SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters, including biocompatibility in human lung epithelium and dermal fibroblasts using lactase dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) assays. Our results showed SNAT could effectively reverse the body weight loss, reduce the virus load in oral swabs, and improve lung health in hamsters. Furthermore, LDH assay showed SNAT is noncytotoxic, and MDA assay demonstrated SNAT to be an antioxidant, potentially quenching lipid peroxidation, in both the human cells. Overall, these promising pilot preclin. findings suggest SNAT as a novel, safer antiviral drug lead against SARS-CoV-2 infection and may find applications as a platform technol. against other respiratory viruses of epidemic and pandemic potential. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl isobutyrate (cas: 2492423-29-5Category: tetrahydrofurans).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl isobutyrate (cas: 2492423-29-5) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. THF (Tetrahydrofuran) is water-miscible and has a low viscosity making it a highly versatile solvent used in a variety of industries. THF can also be synthesized by catalytic hydrogenation of furan. This allows certain sugars to be converted to THF via acid-catalyzed digestion to furfural and decarbonylation to furan, although this method is not widely practiced. THF is thus derivable from renewable resources.Category: tetrahydrofurans

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

An industry update: what’s new in the field of therapeutic delivery was written by Rosenmayr-Templeton, Louise. And the article was included in Therapeutic Delivery in 2022.Formula: C13H19N3O7 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A review. Summary : This Industry Update provides an overview of the some of the key events in the pharmaceutical world in Dec. 2021. In this month Eli Lilly & Co invested heavily in drug discovery with deals with Regor Therapeutics on metabolic diseases, and Foghorn Therapeutics on cancer and other diseases caused by faults in the regulation of chromatin unpacking and repacking. Treatments for Covid-19 also feature heavily with the emergency authorization of molnupiravir and Paxlovid in the USA, and BiondVax’s collaboration agreement with Max Planck and the University Medical Center, Goettingham on their alpaca-based single-chain antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Lastly, this month brought good news on several diseases with poor prognosis and no or limited treatment options. This included Novartis’s acquisition of Gyroscope and its gene therapy for age-related macular degeneration, Merck’s purchase of Chord Therapeutics and the rights of develop cladribine for generalized myasthenia gravis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, pos. phase III interim results for UCB’s, Bimzelx^, in ankylosing spondylitis and AstraZeneca and Ionis co-development and commercialization deal on eplontersen for transthyretin amyloidosis. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl isobutyrate (cas: 2492423-29-5Formula: C13H19N3O7).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl isobutyrate (cas: 2492423-29-5) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. THF (Tetrahydrofuran) is water-miscible and has a low viscosity making it a highly versatile solvent used in a variety of industries. THF (Tetrahydrofuran) is also used as a starting material for the synthesis of poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol (PTMG), etc.Formula: C13H19N3O7

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Transgenic overexpression of adenosine kinase aggravates cell death in ischemia was written by Pignataro, Giuseppe;Simon, Roger P.;Boison, Detlev. And the article was included in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism in 2007.Category: tetrahydrofurans The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Adenosine is an endogenous neuromodulator with anticonvulsive and neuroprotective activity. Adenosine levels are normally kept in the range of 20 to 200 nmol/L by low basal expression of its main metabolic enzyme, adenosine kinase (ADK). Dysfunction of the adenosinergic system has been demonstrated to contribute to epileptogenesis. To investigate whether upregulation of ADK may render the brain more susceptible to ischemic cell death, mutant mice overexpressing an Adk transgene in brain were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). One day after either 15 or 60 mins of MCAO, wild-type (WT) animals had infarct areas encompassing about 5% and 50% of their ischemic hemisphere, resp. In marked contrast, the volume of the infarcts increased three-fold in Adk transgenic mutants after 15 mins of MCAO, and after 60 mins of MCAO all mutants died within 24 h. Pretreatment of the mutants with the ADK inhibitor 5-iodotubercidin led to lesions similar to those in WT mice. Thus, low levels of ADK are essential to maintain adenosine-mediated neuroprotection. We conclude that pathol. overexpression of ADK as in epilepsy may also render the brain more susceptible to injury from ischemia. Consequently, ADK emerges as a rational therapeutic target to enhance neuroprotection. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 24386-93-4Category: tetrahydrofurans).

(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 24386-93-4) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Tetrahydrofuran and dihydrofuran form the basic structural unit of many naturally occurring scaffolds like gambieric acid A and ciguatoxin, goniocin, and some biologically active molecules. Tetrahydrofuran can also be produced, or synthesised, via catalytic hydrogenation of furan. This process involves converting certain sugars into THF by digesting to furfural. An alternative to this method is the catalytic hydrogenation of furan with a nickel catalyst.Category: tetrahydrofurans

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem