Heterocyclic Building Blocks-Tetrahydrofuran

Arumugam, Selvamani; Kuppan, Jayaprakash; Devaraj, Murugan; Arumugam, Sivasamy published the artcile< Fe-Pd-immobilized Al-pillared laponite clay as efficient catalyst for conversion of furfural into tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol>, Name: (Tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol, the main research area is iron palladium immobilized laponite hydrogenation catalyst furfural tetrahydrofurfuryl alc.

Furfural has been widely reported as a new-generation renewable source for the production of chems. and fuels. In this study, Fe-Pd immobilized Al-pillared laponite clay material with suitable catalytic properties was explored as an efficient catalyst for the direct conversion of furfural (FAL) into tetrahydrofurfuryl alc. (THFOL) under the mild reaction conditions (H2 pressure- 10 bar, temperature- 60°C and time- 4 h). The synthesized samples were characterized by several physico-chem. techniques. XRD, FT-IR, H2-TPR and ICP-OES results revealed the successful loading of those bi-metals into the Al-pillared laponite structure. Acidity of the sample has been thoroughly investigated by NH3-TPD and FT-IR techniques. The catalytic activity of synthesized samples was thoroughly evaluated for the total hydrogenation of FAL for the production of THFOL. It was observed that pure Fe-Pd catalyst showed very low FAL conversion (∼53%) and THFOL selectivity (∼38%), whereas the Al-pillared laponite clay supported Fe-Pd catalyst showed an increase in the FAL conversion and THFOL selectivity up to 95% and 98%, resp. The high performance of Fe-Pd/Al-pillared laponite catalyst towards the formation of THFOL is not only ascribed to the fine dispersion of Fe and Pd species and their synergistic effect but also due to the high surface area, mesoporosity and suitable acidity of Al-pillared laponite. The recyclability of the catalyst was also explored thoroughly which confirmed their stability. Sustainability of this process lies in the utilization of low-value bio-derived FAL for the production of industrially important THFOL chem.

ChemistrySelect published new progress about Hydrogenation. 97-99-4 belongs to class tetrahydrofurans, and the molecular formula is C5H10O2, Name: (Tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol.

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Campisi, Sebastiano; Chan-Thaw, Carine E.; Chinchilla, Lidia E.; Chutia, Arunabhiram; Botton, Gianluigi A.; Mohammed, Khaled M. H.; Dimitratos, Nikolaos; Wells, Peter P.; Villa, Alberto published the artcile< Dual-Site-Mediated Hydrogenation Catalysis on Pd/NiO: Selective Biomass Transformation and Maintenance of Catalytic Activity at Low Pd Loading>, Application of C5H10O2, the main research area is hydrogenation catalysis palladium NiO biomass transformation.

Creating a new chem. ecosystem based on platform chems. derived from waste biomass has significant challenges; catalysts need to be able to convert these highly functionalized mols. to specific target chems., economical – not relying on large quantities of precious metals – and maintain activity over many cycles. Herein, we demonstrate how Pd/NiO is able to direct the selectivity of furfural hydrogenation and maintain performance at low Pd loading by a unique dual-site mechanism. Sol-immobilization was used to prepare 1 wt% Pd nanoparticles supported on NiO and TiO2, with the Pd/NiO catalyst showing enhanced activity with a significantly different selectivity profile; Pd/NiO favors tetrahydrofurfuryl alc. (72%), whereas Pd/TiO2 produces furfuryl alc. as the major product (68%). D. functional theory studies evidenced significant differences on the adsorption of furfural on both NiO and Pd surfaces. Based on this observation we hypothesized that the role of Pd was to dissociate hydrogen, with the NiO surface adsorbing furfural. This dual-site hydrogenation mechanism was supported by comparing the performance of 0.1 wt% Pd/NiO and 0.1 wt% Pd/TiO2. In this study, the 0.1 and 1 wt% Pd/NiO catalysts had a comparable activity, whereas there was a 10 fold reduction in performance for 0.1 weight% Pd/TiO2. When using TiO2 as the support the Pd nanoparticles are responsible for both hydrogen dissociation and furfural adsorption, and the activity is strongly correlated with the effective metal surface area. This work has significant implications for the upgrading of bio-derived feedstocks, suggesting alternative ways for promoting selective transformations and reducing the reliance on precious metals.

ACS Catalysis published new progress about Adsorption. 97-99-4 belongs to class tetrahydrofurans, and the molecular formula is C5H10O2, Application of C5H10O2.

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Xu, Wenhua; Ma, Xiaoru; Su, Yuanhai; Song, Yang; Shang, Minjing; Lu, Xuemin; Lu, Qinghua published the artcile< Synthesis of highly transparent and thermally stable copolyimide with fluorine-containing dianhydride and alicyclic dianhydride>, Recommanded Product: Cyclobuta[1,2-c:3,4-c’]difuran-1,3,4,6(3aH,3bH,6aH,6bH)-tetraone, the main research area is transparent polyimide film material preparation alicyclic dianhydride diamine.

The development of optical films is highly desirable for applications in flexible displayers. In this work, a copolyimide (co-PI) film with high thermal stability and high transparency was prepared by the copolymerization of 2,2′-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether, cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, and 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA). The effects of aliphatic dianhydride and fluorine dianhydride monomers on the optical, thermal, and mech. properties of the co-PIs were discussed in detail based on the exptl. results and theor. simulations. We found that the preparation of polyimide (PI) based on the combination of two dianhydrides could obtain the PI film with excellent comprehensive performance due to nonconjugated structure and strong electron-withdrawing effect. Through the structure and composition optimization, a PI film of PI-6FDA-70 with Tg of 300°C, Td10% more than 500°C, the average transparency of 90% and the elongation at the breakage more than 8% was prepared Such mol. design provides a practical approach to develop high-performance colorless PI films.

Journal of Applied Polymer Science published new progress about Contact angle. 4415-87-6 belongs to class tetrahydrofurans, and the molecular formula is C8H4O6, Recommanded Product: Cyclobuta[1,2-c:3,4-c’]difuran-1,3,4,6(3aH,3bH,6aH,6bH)-tetraone.

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Serranti, Daniele; Dodi, Icilio; Nicastro, Emanuele; Cangelosi, Antonina M; Riva, Silvia; Ricci, Silvia; Bartolini, Elisa; Trapani, Sandra; Mastrangelo, Greta; Vajro, Pietro; D’Antiga, Lorenzo; Resti, Massimo; Indolfi, Giuseppe published the artcile< Shortened 8-Week Course of Sofosbuvir/Ledipasvir Therapy in Adolescents With Chronic Hepatitis C Infection.>, Application of C9H13N2O9P, the main research area is .

Treatment-naïve, noncirrhotic adults with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection and with viremia levels <6 million IU/mL could be effectively treated with sofosbuvir/ledipasvir for 8 weeks. The aim of this pilot, prospective, open-label, multicenter study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this shortened treatment course in adolescents (≥12 years). The efficacy endpoint was sustained virological response 12 weeks after the end of treatment. Safety was assessed by adverse events and clinical/laboratory data. Fourteen consecutive adolescents (median age 16.5 years, Q1 14.1-Q3 17.4; female 57.1%), vertically infected, were enrolled and treated (June 2018-January 2019). Overall, the end of treatment response and sustained virological response 12 weeks after the end of treatment were 100%. No grade 3 to 4 adverse event or a serious adverse event was observed. Further studies are needed to confirm the optimal efficacy of the shortened 8-week treatment with sofosbuvir/ledipasvir for treatment-naïve, noncirrhotic adolescents with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection and pretreatment viremia level < 6 million IU/mL. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition published new progress about 58-97-9. 58-97-9 belongs to class tetrahydrofurans, and the molecular formula is C9H13N2O9P, Application of C9H13N2O9P.

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Zhang, Qingfei; Kuang, Gaizhen; He, Shasha; Liu, Sha; Lu, Hongtong; Li, Xiaoyuan; Zhou, Dongfang; Huang, Yubin published the artcile< Chain-shattering Pt(IV)-backboned polymeric nanoplatform for efficient CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to enhance synergistic cancer therapy>, HPLC of Formula: 4415-87-6, the main research area is platinum polymeric nanoplatform CRISPR gene editing synergistic cancer therapy.

CRISPR/Cas9 system has become a promising gene editing tool for cancer treatment. However, development of a simple and effective nanocarrier to incorporate CRISPR/Cas9 system and chemotherapeutic drugs to concurrently tackle the biol. safety and packaging capacity of viral vectors and combine gene editing-chemo for cancer therapy still remains challenges. Herein, a chain-shattering Pt(IV)-backboned polymeric nanoplatform is developed for the delivery of EZH2-targeted CRISPR/Cas9 system (NPCSPt/pEZH2) and synergistic treatment of prostate cancer. The pEZH2/Pt(II) could be effectively triggered to unpack/release from NPCSPt/pEZH2 in a chain-shattering manner in cancer cells. The EZH2 gene disruption efficiency could be achieved up to 32.2% of PC-3 cells in vitro and 21.3% of tumor tissues in vivo, leading to effective suppression of EZH2 protein expression. Moreover, significant H3K27me3 downregulation could occur after EZH2 suppression, resulting in a more permissive chromatin structure that increases the accessibility of released Pt(II) to nuclear DNA for enhanced apoptosis. Taken together, substantial proliferation inhibition of prostate cancer cells and further 85.4% growth repression against s.c. xenograft tumor could be achieved. This chain-shattering Pt(IV)-backboned polymeric nanoplatform system not only provides a prospective nanocarrier for CRISPR/Cas9 system delivery, but also broadens the potential of combining gene editing-chemo synergistic cancer therapy.

Nano Research published new progress about Antitumor agents. 4415-87-6 belongs to class tetrahydrofurans, and the molecular formula is C8H4O6, HPLC of Formula: 4415-87-6.

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Faraj, Osama Abdulrahman; AlBayati, Sabeha Moosa published the artcile< Assessment of outcome for sample of Iraqi patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection treated by Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir drug.>, Application of C9H13N2O9P, the main research area is Hepatitis C virus, Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir, Iraq..

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the response to treatment by the new directly acting antivirals drugs Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir (Harvoni), on Iraqi patients diagnosed with hepatitis C infection genotype1 and genotype 4. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted in the Gastroenterology unit of Al- Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, from February 2019 to February 2020. Included were one hundred patients diagnosed with hepatitis C by antibody test and viral load. All non-cirrhotic participants received a drug containing 400 mg sofosbuvir /90 mg ledipasvir once daily for 12 weeks, whereas the cirrhotics had to take it for 24 weeks. Laboratory Investigations and viral load were assessed at baseline, and twelve weeks after end of treatment. RESULTS: The predominant genotype was 1 with 58 (58 %) patients whereas genotype 4 had 42 (42%) patients. Liver cirrhosis was present in 9(9%) patients and severe renal impairment in 27(27%) patients. Undetectable viral load at the end of treatment (week 12) was observed in 96 (96%) patients whereas 4 (4%) patients were reported as non-responders. CONCLUSIONS: Excellent therapeutic results were achieved with generic combination of sofosbuvir/ledipasvir. The regimen is highly effective and tolerable with the highest viral response observed in HCV patients with genotype 1and 4, inclusive of patients with chronic renal failure or cirrhosis.

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association published new progress about 58-97-9. 58-97-9 belongs to class tetrahydrofurans, and the molecular formula is C9H13N2O9P, Application of C9H13N2O9P.

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Zhang, Jinxin; Mao, Donglei; Wu, Dongfang published the artcile< Industrially Applicable Aqueous-Phase Selective Hydrogenation of Furfural on an Efficient TiOx-Modified Ni Nanocatalyst>, Recommanded Product: (Tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol, the main research area is industrially aqueous phase selective hydrogenation furfural titania nickel nanocatalyst.

Because water is involved in the formation of furfural (FFR), aqueous-phase selective hydrogenation of FFR to furfuryl alc. (FOL) has the potential for industrial applications, but it has not yet been well exploited. Here, partially reduced TiOx-modified Ni nanocatalysts were studied. The Ni-TiO2 interaction adjusts the Ni electron structure and affects the catalyst adsorption properties. FFR is adsorbed on the TiOx oxygen vacancy (OV) by C=O, and the FOL selectivity is pos. correlated with the surface OV content. The active H atoms dissociated on Ni spillover to the TiOx surface and then attack the adsorbed FFR C=O. The precise synergistic effect of Ni and OV improves the comprehensive performance of FFR hydrogenation. Under mild conditions, FFR conversion can reach 92.5% and FOL selectivity can be as high as 96.8%. This is an extremely excellent performance of aqueous-phase FFR selective hydrogenation, and thus, the TiOx-modified Ni nanocatalyst is a very promising candidate for industrial applications.

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering published new progress about Activation energy. 97-99-4 belongs to class tetrahydrofurans, and the molecular formula is C5H10O2, Recommanded Product: (Tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol.

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Vega, Ana D.; Hynicka, Lauren M.; Claeys, Kimberly; Chua, Joel V.; Heil, Emily L. published the artcile< Effectiveness of 8 weeks of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir for hepatitis C in HCV-HIV-coinfected patients>, Application In Synthesis of 58-97-9, the main research area is ledipasvir sofosbuvir antiviral agent hepatitis C virus HIV.

Background: Data is limited on the use of 8 wk of therapy with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) for special populations such as HCV-HIV-coinfected patients. The primary objective of this anal. was to compare sustained virol. response at 12 wk after end of therapy (SVR12) rates among HCV-monoinfected and HCV-HIV-coinfected patients in a real-world clin. setting. Addnl., we compared SVR12 rates among patients receiving 8 vs. 12 wk of therapy. Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective study of HCV-infected patients prescribed LDV/SOF at ambulatory clinics associated with the University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC) from May 2015 to May 2016. Data were obtained from UMMC electronic medical records and outpatient pharmacy claims database. Comparisons between groups were made using χ2 or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables and Student’s t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum for continuous variables. All analyses were per-protocol; patients missing SVR12 data (25.2%) could not be evaluated for our stated objectives. Results: A total of 274 patients were included. Median age was 58 years; 62.8% were male; 82.5% were Black. SVR12 data was available for 65 HCV-HIV-coinfected patients, of which 62 (95.4%) achieved SVR12. There was no difference in SVR12 rate between HCV-HIV-coinfected patients and HCV-monoinfected patients (86/90; 95.6%; P=0.959). Addnl., there was no difference in SVR12 attainment between HIV-HCV-coinfected patients who received 8 vs. 12 wk of therapy (P=0.101). Conclusions: 8 wk of LDV/SOF was effective for treatment-naive, non-cirrhotic, HCV genotype-1 patients in this real-world setting, regardless of HIV status. Increased uptake of the 8-wk regimen can decrease costs for patients and payers without compromising outcomes.

Antiviral Therapy published new progress about Antiviral agents. 58-97-9 belongs to class tetrahydrofurans, and the molecular formula is C9H13N2O9P, Application In Synthesis of 58-97-9.

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Nikul’shin, P. A.; Ershov, M. A.; Grigor’yeva, E. V.; Tarazanov, S. V.; Kuznetsova, S. N.; Repina, O. V. published the artcile< Furfural Derivatives as Fuel Components>, Formula: C5H10O2, the main research area is furfural derivative fuel component additive.

Furfural derivatives prepared from vegetable raw materials have recently become popular as high-performance fuel additives. Furfural oxygenates are particularly of interest. A lot of research was devoted to preparing new materials from furfural, however, there is much to be discovered about their effect on physicochem. properties of fuels. The possibility of using furfural derivatives, obtained by their hydrogenation on copper and nickel catalysts with full conversion of furfural, as additives to fuel is considered in this article. Their impact on antiknock properties and chem. stability is evaluated. Futons are mostly effective in low-octane hydrocarbon bases, such as hydrocracking gasoline, at a concentration of 5-30 weight %. A high concentration of potential resins can lead to the formation of deposits in the combustion chamber of the engine, which, in turn, requires addnl. research.

Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils published new progress about Biomass hydrotreatment. 97-99-4 belongs to class tetrahydrofurans, and the molecular formula is C5H10O2, Formula: C5H10O2.

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Elgohary, Mohamed Abdel-Salam; Hasan, Eman Medhat; Ibrahim, Amany Ahmad; Abdelsalam, Mohamed Farouk Ahmed; Abdel-Rahman, Raafat Zaher; Zaki, Ashraf Ibrahim; Elaatar, Mohamed Bakr; Elnagar, Mohamed Thabet; Emam, Mohamed Emam; Hamada, Mahmoud Moustafa; Abdel-Hamid, Taimour Mohamed; Abdel-Hafez, Ahmad Samir; Seadawy, Mohamed Gomaa; Fatoh, Ahmad Rashad; Elsaied, Mohamed Ali; Sakr, Marwa Abdel-Rahman; Elkady, Ahmed Omar; Shehata, Mohamed Muawad; Nawar, Osama Mohamed; Selem, Mohamed Abu-Elnaga; Abd-Aal, Mohamed Saeed; Lotfy, Hany Hafez; Elnagdy, Tarek Refaat; Helmy, Sherine; Mubark, Magdy Amin published the artcile< Efficacy of Sofosbuvir plus Ledipasvir in Egyptian patients with COVID-19 compared to standard treatment: a randomized controlled trial.>, Name: ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-Dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl dihydrogen phosphate, the main research area is SARS-CoV-2 infection; effective curing; sofosbuvir/ledipasvir.

COVID-19 is a pandemic disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, which is an RNA virus similar to the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the replication process. Sofosbuvir/ledipasvir is an approved drug to treat HCV infection. This study investigates the efficacy of Sofosbuvir/ledipasvir as a treatment for patients with moderate COVID-19 infection. This is a single-blinded parallel-randomized controlled trial. The participants were randomized equally into the intervention group that received Sofosbuvir/ledipasvir (S.L. group), and the control group received Oseltamivir, Hydroxychloroquine, and Azithromycin (OCH group). The primary outcomes were the cure rate over time and the incidence of serious adverse events. The secondary outcomes included the laboratory findings. 250 patients were divided equally into each group. Both groups were similar regarding gender, but age was higher in the S.L. group (p=0.001). In the S.L. group, 89 (71.2%) patients were cured, while only 51 (40.8%) patients were cured in the OCH group. The cure rate was significantly higher in the S.L. group (RR=1.75, p<0.001). Kaplan-Meir plot showed a considerably higher cure over time in the S.L. group (Log-rank test, p=0.032). There were no deaths in the S.L. group, but there were six deaths (4.8%) in the OCH group (RR=0.08, p=0.013). Seven patients (5.6%) in the S.L. group and six patients (4.8%) in the OCH group were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) (RR=1.17, P=0.776). There were no significant differences between treatment groups regarding total leukocyte and neutrophils count, lymph, and urea. Sofosbuvir/ledipasvir is suggestive of being effective in treating patients with moderate COVID-19 infection. Further studies are needed to compare Sofosbuvir/ledipasvir with new treatment protocols. Journal of medicine and life published new progress about 58-97-9. 58-97-9 belongs to class tetrahydrofurans, and the molecular formula is C9H13N2O9P, Name: ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-Dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl dihydrogen phosphate.

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem