Heterocyclic Building Blocks-Tetrahydrofuran

The Chemoenzymic Synthesis of 2-Chloro- and 2-Fluorocordycepins was written by Denisova, Alexandra O.; Tokunova, Yulia A.; Fateev, Ilja V.; Breslav, Alexandra A.; Leonov, Vladimir N.; Dorofeeva, Elena V.; Lutonina, Olga I.; Muzyka, Inessa S.; Esipov, Roman S.; Kayushin, Alexey L.; Konstantinova, Irina D.; Miroshnikov, Anatoly I.; Stepchenko, Vladimir A.; Mikhailopulo, Igor A.. And the article was included in Synthesis on November 30,2017.Electric Literature of C10H12N4O4  The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Two approaches to the chemoenzymic synthesis of 2-fluorocordycepin and 2-chlorocordycepin were studied: (i) the use of 3′-deoxyadenosine (cordycepin) and 3′-deoxyinosine (3’dIno) as donors of 3-deoxy- D-ribofuranose in the transglycosylation of 2-fluoro- ( 2FAde) and 2-chloroadenine ( 2ClAde) catalyzed by the recombinant E. coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), and (ii) the use of 2-fluoroadenosine and 3′-deoxyinosine as substrates of the cross-glycosylation and PNP as a biocatalyst. An efficient method for 3′-deoxyinosine synthesis starting from inosine was developed. However, the very poor solubility of 2ClAde and 2FAde is the limiting factor of the first approach. The second approach enables this problem to be overcome and it appears to be advantageous over the former approach from the viewpoint of practical synthesis of the title nucleosides. The 3-deoxy-α- D-ribofuranose-1-phosphate intermediary formed in the 3’dIno phosphorolysis by PNP was found to be the weak and marginal substrate of E. coli thymidine (TP) and uridine (UP) phosphorylases, resp. Finally, one-pot cascade transformation of 3-deoxy-D-ribose in cordycepin in the presence of adenine and E. coli ribokinase, phosphopentomutase, and PNP was tested and cordycepin formation in ca. 3.4% yield was proved. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 9-((2R,3R,5S)-3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-9H-purin-6-ol (cas: 13146-72-0Electric Literature of C10H12N4O4 ).

9-((2R,3R,5S)-3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-9H-purin-6-ol (cas: 13146-72-0) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. THF (Tetrahydrofuran) is water-miscible and has a low viscosity making it a highly versatile solvent used in a variety of industries. THF can also be synthesized by catalytic hydrogenation of furan. This allows certain sugars to be converted to THF via acid-catalyzed digestion to furfural and decarbonylation to furan, although this method is not widely practiced. THF is thus derivable from renewable resources.Electric Literature of C10H12N4O4 

13146-72-0;9-((2R,3R,5S)-3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-9H-purin-6-ol;The future of 13146-72-0;New trend of C10H12N4O4 ;function of 13146-72-0

Impact of Base Analogues within a CpG Dinucleotide on the Binding of DNA by the Methyl-Binding Domain of MeCP2 and Methylation by DNMT1 was written by Lao, Victoria Valinluck; Darwanto, Agus; Sowers, Lawrence C.. And the article was included in Biochemistry on November 30,2010.Name: (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-(9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The epigenetic control of transcription requires the selective recognition of methylated CpG dinucleotides by methylation-sensitive sequence-specific DNA binding proteins. In order to probe the mechanism of selective interaction of the methyl-binding protein with methylated DNA, we have prepared a series of oligonucleotides containing modified purines and pyrimidines at the recognition site, and we have examined the binding of these oligonucleotides to the methyl-binding domain (MBD) of the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2). Our results suggest that pyrimidine 5-substituents similar in size to a Me group facilitate protein binding; however, binding affinity does not correlate with the hydrophobicity of the substituent, and neither the 4-amino group of 5-methylcytosine (mC) nor Watson-Crick base pair geometry is essential for MBD binding. However, 5-substituted uracil analogs in one strand do not direct human DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) methylation of the opposing strand, as does mC. Important recognition elements do include the guanine O6 and N7 atoms present in the major groove. Unexpectedly, removal of the guanine 2-amino group from the minor groove substantially enhances MBD binding, likely resulting from DNA bending at the substitution site. The enhanced binding of the MBD to oligonucleotides containing several cytosine analogs observed here is better explained by a DNA-protein interface mediated by structured water as opposed to hydrophobic interactions. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-(9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 550-33-4Name: (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-(9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol).

(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-(9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 550-33-4) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Tetrahydrofuran and dihydrofuran form the basic structural unit of many naturally occurring scaffolds like gambieric acid A and ciguatoxin, goniocin, and some biologically active molecules. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is primarily used as a precursor to polymers including for surface coating, adhesives, and printing inks.Name: (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-(9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol

550-33-4;(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-(9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol;The future of 550-33-4;New trend of C10H12N4O4  ;function of 550-33-4

Separation of nucleotides by hydrophilic interaction chromatography using the FRULIC-N column was written by Padivitage, Nilusha L. T.; Dissanayake, Milan K.; Armstrong, Daniel W.. And the article was included in Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry on November 30,2013.Safety of Thymidine 5′-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate) xsodium salt The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A stationary phase composed of silica-bonded cyclofructan 6 (FRULIC-N) was evaluated for the separation of four cyclic nucleotides, six nucleoside monophosphates, four nucleoside diphosphates, and five nucleoside triphosphates via hydrophilic interaction chromatog. (HILIC) in both isocratic and gradient conditions. The gradient conditions gave significantly better separations by narrowing peak widths. Sixteen out of nineteen nucleotides were baseline separated on the FRULIC-N column in one run. Unlike other known HILIC stationary phases, there can be dual-retention mechanisms unique to this media. Traditional hydrogen bonding/dipolar interactions can be supplemented by dynamic ion interaction effects for anionic analytes. This occurs because the FRULIC-N stationary phase is able to bind certain buffer cations. The extent of the ion interaction is tunable, in comparison to stationary phases with embedded charged groups, where the inherent ionic properties are fixed. The best mobile phase conditions were determined by varying the organic modifier (acetonitrile) content, as well as salt type/concentration and electrolyte pH. The thermodn. characteristic of the FRULIC-N column was investigated by evaluating the column temperature effect on retention and utilizing van’t Hoff plots. This study shows that there is a greater entropic contribution for the retention of nucleotide di and triphosphates, whereas there is a greater enthalphic contribution for the cyclic nucleotides with the FRULIC-N column. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Thymidine 5′-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate) xsodium salt (cas: 18423-43-3Safety of Thymidine 5′-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate) xsodium salt).

Thymidine 5′-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate) xsodium salt (cas: 18423-43-3) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Tetrahydrofuran (THF), or oxolane, is mainly used as a precursor to polymers. Being polar and having a wide liquid range, THF is a versatile solvent. Tetrahydrofuran can also be produced, or synthesised, via catalytic hydrogenation of furan. This process involves converting certain sugars into THF by digesting to furfural. An alternative to this method is the catalytic hydrogenation of furan with a nickel catalyst.Safety of Thymidine 5′-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate) xsodium salt

18423-43-3;Thymidine 5′-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate) xsodium salt;The future of 18423-43-3;New trend of C10H14N2Na3O14P3;function of 18423-43-3

Inhibition of Trypanosoma cruzi growth in mammalian cells by purine and pyrimidine analogs was written by Nakajima-Shimada, Junko; Hirota, Yumiko; Aoki, Takashi. And the article was included in Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy on November 30,1996.Application of 13146-72-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas’ disease, exhibits two different developmental stages in mammals, the amastigote, an intracellular form that proliferates in the cytoplasm of host cells, and the trypomastigote, an extracellular form that circulates in the bloodstream. We have already established an in vitro culture system using mammalian host cells (HeLa) infected with T. cruzi in which the time course of parasite growth is determined quant. We adopted this system for the screening of anti-T. cruzi agents that would ideally prove to be effective trypanosomes with no toxicity to the host cell. Of the purine analogs tested, allopurinol markedly inhibited the growth of amastigotes in a dose-dependent manner, with no lethal effect on trypomastigotes. 3′-Deoxyinosine and 3′-deoxyadenosine also suppressed T. cruzi growth inside the host cell, with the concentrations causing 50% growth inhibition being 10 and 5 μM, resp., in contrast to a concentration causing 50% growth inhibition of 3 μM for allopurinol. Among the pyrimidine analogs examined, 3′-azido-3′-deoxythmidine (zidovudine) significantly reduced the growth of the parasite at concentrations as low as 1 μM. The anti-human immunodeficiency virus agents 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine and 2′,3′-dideoxyadenosine caused a decrease in amastigote growth, while 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine and 2′,3′-dideoxyuridine had no inhibitory effect. When Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts were used as host cells, allopurinol, 3′-deoxyinosine, 3′-deoxyadenosine, and 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine also markedly inhibited T. cruzi proliferation. These results indicate that our culture system is useful as a primary screening method for candidate compounds against T. cruzi on the basis of two criteria, namely, intracellular replication by the parasite and host-cell infection rate. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 9-((2R,3R,5S)-3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-9H-purin-6-ol (cas: 13146-72-0Application of 13146-72-0).

9-((2R,3R,5S)-3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-9H-purin-6-ol (cas: 13146-72-0) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Tetrahydrofuran (THF), or oxolane, is mainly used as a precursor to polymers. Being polar and having a wide liquid range, THF is a versatile solvent. Oxidations have also proved to be valuable and efficient approaches to chiral tetrahydrofuran derivatives.Application of 13146-72-0

13146-72-0;9-((2R,3R,5S)-3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-9H-purin-6-ol;The future of 13146-72-0;New trend of C10H12N4O4 ;function of 13146-72-0

A Method for the Reductive Scission of Heterocyclic Thioethers was written by Graham, Thomas H.; Liu, Wensheng; Shen, Dong-Ming. And the article was included in Organic Letters on December 2,2011.Name: (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-(9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A mild, chemoselective, and generally high-yielding method for the reductive scission of heterocyclic thioethers is described. Suitable heterocycles have a thioether substituent at the 2-position relative to a ring heteroatom. The convenient and straightforward method is demonstrated with reactants which are not compatible with the standard Raney nickel conditions such as sulfides, sulfones, and thiophenes. In addition, benzyl esters, benzyl amides, and benzyl carbamates are tolerated by the reductive reaction conditions. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-(9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 550-33-4Name: (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-(9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol).

(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-(9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 550-33-4) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Tetrahydrofurans and furans are important oxygen-containing heterocycles that often exhibit interesting properties for biological applications or applications in the cosmetic industry. It is more basic than diethyl ether and forms stronger complexes with Li+, Mg2+, and boranes. It is a popular solvent for hydroboration reactions and for organometallic compounds such as organolithium and Grignard reagents.Name: (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-(9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol

550-33-4;(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-(9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol;The future of 550-33-4;New trend of C10H12N4O4  ;function of 550-33-4

2-Deoxy-2-fluoro-D-galactose protein N-glycosylation was written by Loch, Nikolaus; Geilen, Christoph C.; Spoerndle, Irmgard; Oberdorfer, Franz; Keppler, Dietrich; Tauber, Rudolf; Reutter, Werner. And the article was included in FEBS Letters on December 9,1991.Quality Control of Uridine 5′-(trihydrogen diphosphate) P’-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-α-D-glucopyranosyl) ester The following contents are mentioned in the article:

2-Deoxy-2-fluoro-D-galactose (dGalF), added to the medium of primary cultured rat hepatocytes, inhibited N-glycosylation of membrane (gp 120) and secretory glycoproteins (α1-macroglobulin) in a concentration-dependent manner. Complete inhibition of N-glycosylation was achieved at concentrations of ≥1 mM. At identical concentrations, 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (dGlcF) caused only incomplete inhibition of N-glycosylation. DGalF reduced incorporation of D-[2,6-3H]mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharides interference with their assembly in the dolichol cycle. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Uridine 5′-(trihydrogen diphosphate) P’-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-α-D-glucopyranosyl) ester (cas: 67341-43-9Quality Control of Uridine 5′-(trihydrogen diphosphate) P’-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-α-D-glucopyranosyl) ester).

Uridine 5′-(trihydrogen diphosphate) P’-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-α-D-glucopyranosyl) ester (cas: 67341-43-9) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Tetrahydrofuran and dihydrofuran form the basic structural unit of many naturally occurring scaffolds like gambieric acid A and ciguatoxin, goniocin, and some biologically active molecules. Tetrahydrofuran reaction with hydrogen sulfide: In the presence of a solid acid catalyst, tetrahydrofuran reacts with hydrogen sulfide to give tetrahydrothiophene.Quality Control of Uridine 5′-(trihydrogen diphosphate) P’-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-α-D-glucopyranosyl) ester

67341-43-9;Uridine 5′-(trihydrogen diphosphate) P’-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-α-D-glucopyranosyl) ester;The future of 67341-43-9;New trend of C15H23FN2O16P2 ;function of 67341-43-9

Incorporation of glucose analogs by GtfE and GtfD from the vancomycin biosynthetic pathway to generate variant glycopeptides was written by Losey, Heather C.; Jiang, Jiqing; Biggins, John B.; Oberthur, Markus; Ye, Xiang-Yang; Dong, Steven D.; Kahne, Daniel; Thorson, Jon S.; Walsh, Christopher T.. And the article was included in Chemistry & Biology on December 31,2002.Category: tetrahydrofurans The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Analogs of the glycopeptide antibiotics vancomycin and teichoplanin with alterations in one or both sugar moieties of the disaccharide have been prepared by tandem action of the vancomycin pathway glycosyltransferases GtfE and GtfD. All four regioisomers (2-, 3-, 4-, 6-) of TDP-deoxyglucoses and UDP/TDP-aminoglucoses were prepared, predominantly by action of D-glucopyranosyl-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase, Ep. GtfE transferred the deoxyglucoses or aminoglucoses onto the 4-OH of 4-hydroxyphenylglycine of both the vancomycin and teichoplanin aglycon scaffolds. Kinetic anal. indicated the 2-, 3-, 4-, and 6-amino-glucoses were transferred by GtfE with only a 4- to 30-fold drop in kcat and no effect on Km compared to the native substrate, UDP/TDP-glucose, suggesting preparative utility. The next enzyme, GtfD, could utilize the variant glucosyl-peptides as substrates for transfer of L-4-epi-vancosamine. The aminosugar moieties in these variant glycopeptides introduce sites for acylation or reductive alkylation. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Uridine 5′-(trihydrogen diphosphate) P’-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-α-D-glucopyranosyl) ester (cas: 67341-43-9Category: tetrahydrofurans).

Uridine 5′-(trihydrogen diphosphate) P’-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-α-D-glucopyranosyl) ester (cas: 67341-43-9) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Tetrahydrofuran (THF), or oxolane, is mainly used as a precursor to polymers. Being polar and having a wide liquid range, THF is a versatile solvent. Commercial tetrahydrofuran contains substantial water that must be removed for sensitive operations, e.g. those involving organometallic compounds. Although tetrahydrofuran is traditionally dried by distillation from an aggressive desiccant, molecular sieves are superior.Category: tetrahydrofurans

67341-43-9;Uridine 5′-(trihydrogen diphosphate) P’-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-α-D-glucopyranosyl) ester;The future of 67341-43-9;New trend of C15H23FN2O16P2 ;function of 67341-43-9

Structure-Activity Relationships of Synthetic Cordycepin Analogues as Experimental Therapeutics for African Trypanosomiasis was written by Vodnala, Suman K.; Lundbaeck, Thomas; Yeheskieli, Esther; Sjoeberg, Birger; Gustavsson, Anna-Lena; Svensson, Richard; Olivera, Gabriela C.; Eze, Anthonius A.; de Koning, Harry P.; Hammarstroem, Lars G. J.; Rottenberg, Martin E.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry on December 27,2013.Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-(9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Novel methods for treatment of African trypanosomiasis, caused by infection with Trypanosoma brucei are needed. Cordycepin (3′-deoxyadenosine, 1a) is a powerful trypanocidal compound in vitro but is ineffective in vivo because of rapid metabolic degradation by adenosine deaminase (ADA). The authors elucidated the structural moieties of cordycepin required for trypanocidal activity and designed analogs that retained trypanotoxicity while gaining resistance to ADA-mediated metabolism 2-Fluorocordycepin (2-fluoro-3′-deoxyadenosine) was identified as a selective, potent, and ADA-resistant trypanocidal compound that cured T. brucei infection in mice. 2-Fluorocordycepin is transported through the high affinity TbAT1/P2 adenosine transporter and is a substrate of T. b. brucei adenosine kinase. 2-Fluorocordycepin has good preclin. properties suitable for an oral drug, albeit a relatively short plasma half-life. The authors present a rapid and efficient synthesis of 2-halogenated cordycepins, also useful synthons for the development of addnl. novel C2-substituted 3′-deoxyadenosine analogs to be evaluated in development of exptl. therapeutics. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-(9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 550-33-4Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-(9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol).

(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-(9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 550-33-4) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Solid acid catalysis, and the advantages often associated with their use, have been proved equally efficient for the synthesis of tetrahydrofurans or furans. Commercial tetrahydrofuran contains substantial water that must be removed for sensitive operations, e.g. those involving organometallic compounds. Although tetrahydrofuran is traditionally dried by distillation from an aggressive desiccant, molecular sieves are superior.Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-(9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol

550-33-4;(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-(9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol;The future of 550-33-4;New trend of C10H12N4O4  ;function of 550-33-4

A novel nucleoside rescue metabolic pathway may be responsible for therapeutic effect of orally administered cordycepin was written by Lee, Jong Bong; Radhi, Masar; Cipolla, Elena; Gandhi, Raj D.; Sarmad, Sarir; Zgair, Atheer; Kim, Tae Hwan; Feng, Wanshan; Qin, Chaolong; Adrower, Cecilia; Ortori, Catherine A.; Barrett, David A.; Kagan, Leonid; Fischer, Peter M.; de Moor, Cornelia H.; Gershkovich, Pavel. And the article was included in Scientific Reports on December 31,2019.Synthetic Route of C10H12N4O4  The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Although adenosine and its analogs have been assessed in the past as potential drug candidates due to the important role of adenosine in physiol., only little is known about their absorption following oral administration. In this work, we have studied the oral absorption and disposition pathways of cordycepin, an adenosine analog. In vitro biopharmaceutical properties and in vivo oral absorption and disposition of cordycepin were assessed in rats. Despite the fact that numerous studies showed efficacy following oral dosing of cordycepin, we found that intact cordycepin was not absorbed following oral administration to rats. However, 3′-deoxyinosine, a metabolite of cordycepin previously considered to be inactive, was absorbed into the systemic blood circulation. Further investigation was performed to study the conversion of 3′-deoxyinosine to cordycepin 5′-triphosphate in vitro using macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells. It demonstrated that cordycepin 5′-triphosphate, the active metabolite of cordycepin, can be formed not only from cordycepin, but also from 3′-deoxyinosine. The novel nucleoside rescue metabolic pathway proposed in this study could be responsible for therapeutic effects of adenosine and other analogs of adenosine following oral administration. These findings may have importance in understanding the physiol. and pathophysiol. associated with adenosine, as well as drug discovery and development utilizing adenosine analogs. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 9-((2R,3R,5S)-3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-9H-purin-6-ol (cas: 13146-72-0Synthetic Route of C10H12N4O4 ).

9-((2R,3R,5S)-3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-9H-purin-6-ol (cas: 13146-72-0) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Tetrahydrofuran and dihydrofuran form the basic structural unit of many naturally occurring scaffolds like gambieric acid A and ciguatoxin, goniocin, and some biologically active molecules. THF (Tetrahydrofuran) is also used as a starting material for the synthesis of poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol (PTMG), etc.Synthetic Route of C10H12N4O4 

13146-72-0;9-((2R,3R,5S)-3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-9H-purin-6-ol;The future of 13146-72-0;New trend of C10H12N4O4 ;function of 13146-72-0

Testing nucleoside analogues as inhibitors of Bacillus anthracis spore germination in vitro and in macrophage cell culture was written by Alvarez, Zadkiel; Lee, Kyungae; Abel-Santos, Ernesto. And the article was included in Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy on December 31,2010.Product Details of 550-33-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Bacillus anthracis, the etiol. agent of anthrax, has a dormant stage in its life cycle known as the endospore. When conditions become favorable, spores germinate and transform into vegetative bacteria. In inhalational anthrax, the most fatal manifestation of the disease, spores enter the organism through the respiratory tract and germinate in phagosomes of alveolar macrophages. Germinated cells can then produce toxins and establish infection. Thus, germination is a crucial step for the initiation of pathogenesis. B. anthracis spore germination is activated by a wide variety of amino acids and purine nucleosides. Inosine and L-alanine are the two most potent nutrient germinants in vitro. Recent studies have shown that germination can be hindered by isomers or structural analogs of germinants. 6-Thioguanosine (6-TG), a guanosine analog, is able to inhibit germination and prevent B. anthracis toxin-mediated necrosis in murine macrophages. In this study, we screened 46 different nucleoside analogs as activators or inhibitors of B. anthracis spore germination in vitro. These compounds were also tested for their ability to protect the macrophage cell line J774a.1 from B. anthracis cytotoxicity. Structure-activity relationship anal. of activators and inhibitors clarified the binding mechanisms of nucleosides to B. anthracis spores. In contrast, no structure-activity relationships were apparent for compounds that protected macrophages from B. anthracis-mediated killing. However, multiple inhibitors additively protected macrophages from B. anthracis. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-(9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 550-33-4Product Details of 550-33-4).

(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-(9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 550-33-4) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Tetrahydrofurans and furans are important oxygen-containing heterocycles that often exhibit interesting properties for biological applications or applications in the cosmetic industry. Oxidations have also proved to be valuable and efficient approaches to chiral tetrahydrofuran derivatives.Product Details of 550-33-4

550-33-4;(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-(9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol;The future of 550-33-4;New trend of C10H12N4O4  ;function of 550-33-4