Day: February 23, 2023

DNA hypermethylation as a chemotherapy target was written by Ren, Juan;Singh, Brahma N.;Huang, Qiang;Li, Zongfang;Gao, Ya;Mishra, Prachi;Hwa, Yi L.;Li, Jinping;Dowdy, Sean C.;Jiang, Shi-Wen. And the article was included in Cellular Signalling in 2011.Electric Literature of C9H12FN3O4 This article mentions the following:

Epigenetics refers to partially reversible, somatically inheritable, but DNA sequence-independent traits that modulate gene expression, chromatin structure, and cell functions such as cell cycle and apoptosis. DNA methylation is an example of a crucial epigenetic event; aberrant DNA methylation patterns are frequently found in human malignancies. DNA hypermethylation and the associated expression silencing of tumor suppressor genes represent a hallmark of neoplastic cells. The cancer methylome is highly disrupted, making DNA methylation an excellent target for anti-cancer therapies. Several small synthetic and natural mols., are able to reverse the DNA hypermethylation through inhibition of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT). DNMT is the enzyme catalyzing the transfer of Me groups to cytosines in genomic DNA. These reagents are studied intensively in cell cultures, animal models, and clin. trials for potential anti-cancer activities. It was found that accompanying DNA demethylation is a dramatic reactivation of the silenced genes and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, promotion of cell apoptosis, or sensitization of cells to other chemotherapeutic reagents. During the last few decades, an increasing number of DNMT inhibitors (DNMTi) targeting DNA methylation have been developed to increase efficacy with reduced toxicity. This review provides an update on new findings on cancer epigenetic mechanisms, the development of new DNMTi, and their application in the clin. setting. Current challenges, potential solutions, and future directions concerning the development of DNMTi are also discussed in this review. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-5-fluoro-1-((2R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)pyrimidin-2(1H)-one (cas: 10356-76-0Electric Literature of C9H12FN3O4).

4-Amino-5-fluoro-1-((2R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)pyrimidin-2(1H)-one (cas: 10356-76-0) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is a Lewis base that bonds to a variety of Lewis acids such as I2, phenols, triethylaluminum and bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)copper(II). It is more basic than diethyl ether and forms stronger complexes with Li+, Mg2+, and boranes. It is a popular solvent for hydroboration reactions and for organometallic compounds such as organolithium and Grignard reagents.Electric Literature of C9H12FN3O4

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

tRNA methylation resolves codon usage bias at the limit of cell viability was written by Masuda, Isao;Yamaki, Yuka;Detroja, Rajesh;Tagore, Somnath;Moore, Henry;Maharjan, Sunita;Nakano, Yuko;Christian, Thomas;Matsubara, Ryuma;Lowe, Todd M.;Frenkel-Morgenstern, Milana;Hou, Ya-Ming. And the article was included in Cell Reports in 2022.Related Products of 118-00-3 This article mentions the following:

Codon usage of each genome is closely correlated with the abundance of tRNA isoacceptors. How codon usage bias is resolved by tRNA post-transcriptional modifications is largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that the N1-methylation of guanosine at position 37 (m1G37) on the 3-side of the anticodon, while not directly responsible for reading of codons, is a neutralizer that resolves differential decoding of proline codons. A genome-wide suppressor screen of a non-viable Escherichia coli strain, lacking m1G37, identifies proS suppressor mutations, indicating a coupling of methylation with tRNA prolyl-aminoacylation that sets the limit of cell viability. Using these suppressors, where prolyl-aminoacylation is decoupled from tRNA methylation, we show that m1G37 neutralizes differential translation of proline codons by the major isoacceptor. Lack of m1G37 inactivates this neutralization and exposes the need for a minor isoacceptor for cell viability. This work has medical implications for bacterial species that exclusively use the major isoacceptor for survival. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Amino-9-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-3H-purin-6(9H)-one (cas: 118-00-3Related Products of 118-00-3).

2-Amino-9-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-3H-purin-6(9H)-one (cas: 118-00-3) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. THF (Tetrahydrofuran) is a stable compound with relatively low boiling point and excellent solvency. It is more basic than diethyl ether and forms stronger complexes with Li+, Mg2+, and boranes. It is a popular solvent for hydroboration reactions and for organometallic compounds such as organolithium and Grignard reagents.Related Products of 118-00-3

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Versatile Solid Supports for Oligonucleotide Synthesis that Incorporate Urea Bridge was written by Yagodkin, Andrey;Weisel, Janne;Azhayev, Alex. And the article was included in Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids in 2011.Computed Properties of C38H34FN5O6 This article mentions the following:

The universal solid support, USIII, representing a new and improved version of com. USII, as well as 2′-deoxynucleoside and 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoronucleoside bound supports, incorporating a labile phenoxyacetyl fragment, was synthesized by an aminomethyl polystyrene carbamoylation with corresponding azides in the presence of aqueous triethylammonium bicarbonate. All three solid phases incorporate a stable urea tether, thus bridging the polymer and functional linker. These new matrixes proved to be potent solid phases for the synthesis of DNA, RNA, or modified oligonucleotides as well as randomized mixed 2′-ribo/2′-deoxy-2-fluoro-RNA libraries and/or DNA libraries, randomized with trinucleotides (codons). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(9-((2R,3R,4R,5R)-5-((Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)(phenyl)methoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-9H-purin-6-yl)benzamide (cas: 136834-21-4Computed Properties of C38H34FN5O6).

N-(9-((2R,3R,4R,5R)-5-((Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)(phenyl)methoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-9H-purin-6-yl)benzamide (cas: 136834-21-4) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Tetrahydrofuran and dihydrofuran form the basic structural unit of many naturally occurring scaffolds like gambieric acid A and ciguatoxin, goniocin, and some biologically active molecules. Commercial tetrahydrofuran contains substantial water that must be removed for sensitive operations, e.g. those involving organometallic compounds. Although tetrahydrofuran is traditionally dried by distillation from an aggressive desiccant, molecular sieves are superior.Computed Properties of C38H34FN5O6

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Development and characterization of pH-sensitive pectin/acrylic acid hydrogels for colon specific drug delivery was written by Javaid, Zeeshan;ul Rahman, Nisar;Ranjha, Nazar M.;Razzaq, Abida;Ali, Liaqat;Ahmad, Jawad. And the article was included in Latin American Journal of Pharmacy in 2012.Category: tetrahydrofurans This article mentions the following:

The present work was aimed to rationally design and synthesizes pH-sensitive crosslinked pectin/acrylic acid hydrogels for studying release pattern of alfuzosin HCl. Such hydrogels were prepared through free radical polymerizations Then these materials were used as model systems to envisage various important characterizations like Fourier Transform IR Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (X-RD), SEM (SEM) and thermal anal. In vitro release pattern of alfuzosin HCl was investigated in buffer solutions of pH 12, 5.5 and 7.5. The release kinetics was evaluated by applying zero order, first order, Higuchi and Peppas kinetic models. Dynamic and equilibrium swelling anal. was performed to predict release behavior and releasing site. Remarkable swelling was observed at higher pH values. FTIR spectra showed intensity of esterified carboxyl group at 1755.92 cm^-1, which is of pure pectin, shifted to lower frequency indicating interaction between pectin and acrylic acid. Thermo gravimetric anal. indicated increase in thermal stability while Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) results showed increase in enthalpy after copolymerization The release of drug followed zero order and exhibited non-fickian diffusion mechanism. As maximum of the drug released at pH 7.5, it depicts the character of this developed polymer as a suitable candidate for colon specific drug delivery. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(3-((4-Amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl)(methyl)amino)propyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (cas: 81403-68-1Category: tetrahydrofurans).

N-(3-((4-Amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl)(methyl)amino)propyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (cas: 81403-68-1) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Solid acid catalysis, and the advantages often associated with their use, have been proved equally efficient for the synthesis of tetrahydrofurans or furans. Commercial tetrahydrofuran contains substantial water that must be removed for sensitive operations, e.g. those involving organometallic compounds. Although tetrahydrofuran is traditionally dried by distillation from an aggressive desiccant, molecular sieves are superior.Category: tetrahydrofurans

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Quantitative measurement of mRNA cap 0 and cap 1 structures by high-performance liquid chromatography was written by Kuo, Kenneth C.;Smith, Christine E.;Shi, Zhixian;Agris, Paul F.;Gehrke, Charles W.. And the article was included in Journal of Chromatography, Biomedical Applications in 1986.HPLC of Formula: 2140-71-8 This article mentions the following:

The use of reversed-phase HPLC is described as a rapid and efficient tool for the separation, identification, and quantitation of caps of mRNA. An ion-exchange enrichment procedure was also developed for the isolation of cap 0 and cap 1 structures from unfractionated RNAs. The recoveries of different caps ranged 83-99%, with a relative standard deviation range of 1.3-4.4%. In this method, caps were released from com. obtained rabbit globin mRNA by nuclease P1 digestion. The products of digestion were treated with alk. phosphatase and separated on an octadecylsilyl column using stepwise or gradient elution. Cap structures and any internal modified nucleosides were identified by their retention times and UV spectra relative to reference compounds The amount of each cap 0 or cap 1 structure was determined by its UV absorbance relative to a known quality of reference compound This method allows the quantitation of ≥0.2 nmol of cap 0 and cap 1 structures. Total UV spectra can be obtained for ≥0.5 nmol of cap. This methodol. permits investigations on viral and eukaryotic mRNA cap biosynthesis and turnover during viral transformation, differentiation, cap synthesis in the cell cycle, etc. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Amino-9-((2R,3R,4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methoxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1H-purin-6(9H)-one (cas: 2140-71-8HPLC of Formula: 2140-71-8).

2-Amino-9-((2R,3R,4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methoxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1H-purin-6(9H)-one (cas: 2140-71-8) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is a Lewis base that bonds to a variety of Lewis acids such as I2, phenols, triethylaluminum and bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)copper(II). THF can also be synthesized by catalytic hydrogenation of furan. This allows certain sugars to be converted to THF via acid-catalyzed digestion to furfural and decarbonylation to furan, although this method is not widely practiced. THF is thus derivable from renewable resources.HPLC of Formula: 2140-71-8

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Mechanism of hormone action. II. Ecdysone and protein biosynthesis was written by Sekeris, C. E.;Karlson, P.. And the article was included in Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics in 1964.Name: 4-Amino-5-fluoro-1-((2R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)pyrimidin-2(1H)-one This article mentions the following:

The work presented tests a new hypothesis on the mode of action of hormones, in which the hormone activates genes producing messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA) which in turn leads to the synthesis of specific proteins. Inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis then abolish the effect of the hormones. This was demonstrated for the insect hormone ecdysone. Pupation of blowfly larvae, which is controlled by ecdysone, can be delayed for considerable time by the injection of streptomycin, Chloromycetin, erythromycin, puromycin, mitomycin, actinomycin, or deoxyfluorocytidine. Also, the induction of the enzyme dopa decarboxylase was inhibited by these agents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-5-fluoro-1-((2R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)pyrimidin-2(1H)-one (cas: 10356-76-0Name: 4-Amino-5-fluoro-1-((2R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)pyrimidin-2(1H)-one).

4-Amino-5-fluoro-1-((2R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)pyrimidin-2(1H)-one (cas: 10356-76-0) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is a Lewis base that bonds to a variety of Lewis acids such as I2, phenols, triethylaluminum and bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)copper(II). THF can also be synthesized by catalytic hydrogenation of furan. This allows certain sugars to be converted to THF via acid-catalyzed digestion to furfural and decarbonylation to furan, although this method is not widely practiced. THF is thus derivable from renewable resources.Name: 4-Amino-5-fluoro-1-((2R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)pyrimidin-2(1H)-one

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

¹⁹ F MRSI of capecitabine in the liver at 7 T using broadband transmit-receive antennas and dual-band RF pulses was written by van Gorp, Jetse S.;Seevinck, Peter R.;Andreychenko, Anna;Raaijmakers, Alexander J. E.;Luijten, Peter R.;Viergever, Max A.;Koopman, Miriam;Boer, Vincent O.;Klomp, Dennis W. J.. And the article was included in NMR in Biomedicine in 2015.Reference of 3094-09-5 This article mentions the following:

Capecitabine (Cap) is an often prescribed chemotherapeutic agent, successfully used to cure some patients from cancer or reduce tumor burden for palliative care. However, the efficacy of the drug is limited, it is not known in advance who will respond to the drug and it can come with severe toxicity. ¹⁹ F Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI) have been used to non-invasively study Cap metabolism in vivo to find a marker for personalized treatment. In vivo detection, however, is hampered by low concentrations and the use of radiofrequency (RF) surface coils limiting spatial coverage. In this work, the use of a 7T MR system with radiative multi-channel transmit-receive antennas was investigated with the aim of maximizing the sensitivity and spatial coverage of ¹⁹ F detection protocols. The antennas were broadband optimized to facilitate both the ¹H (298 MHz) and ¹⁹ F (280 MHz) frequencies for accurate shimming, imaging and signal combination. B₁⁺ simulations, phantom and noise measurements showed that more than 90% of the theor. maximum sensitivity could be obtained when using B₁⁺ and B₁^– information provided at the ¹H frequency for the optimization of B₁⁺ and B₁^– at the ¹⁹ F frequency. Furthermore, to overcome the limits in maximum available RF power, while ensuring simultaneous excitation of all detectable conversion products of Cap, a dual-band RF pulse was designed and evaluated. Finally, ¹⁹ F MRS(I) measurements were performed to detect ¹⁹ F metabolites in vitro and in vivo. In two patients, at 10 h (patient 1) and 1 h (patient 2) after Cap intake, ¹⁹ F metabolites were detected in the liver and the surrounding organs, illustrating the potential of the set-up for in vivo detection of metabolic rates and drug distribution in the body. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-5-fluoropyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (cas: 3094-09-5Reference of 3094-09-5).

1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-5-fluoropyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (cas: 3094-09-5) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives.Tetrahydrofuran has many industry uses as a solvent including in natural and synthetic resins, high polymers, fat oils, rubber, polymer. Commercial tetrahydrofuran contains substantial water that must be removed for sensitive operations, e.g. those involving organometallic compounds. Although tetrahydrofuran is traditionally dried by distillation from an aggressive desiccant, molecular sieves are superior.Reference of 3094-09-5

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem